دانلود Attributing Criminal Liability to Corporate Actors: Some Lessons from the International Tribunals

Abstract

The aim of this article is to draw analogies between the attribution of responsibility to senior military or political leaders who participate in criminal conduct through organized structures of power under international criminal law and the potential attribution  of  responsibility  to corporations or  corporate officials. Without  addressing the separate  question  of  jurisdiction  over corporations,  the article  identifies co-perpetration and aiding and abetting as the two  modes  of liability under international law that would  be most  useful  in the corporate context. The article examines how those modes of liability have been interpreted by international criminal tribunals and applies the relevant legal standards to situations in which business activities of corporations are linked to the commission of international crimes. Furthermore, the article addresses the inconsistencies between the elements and standards of these modes of liability under the law of the international ad hoc tribunals and the International Criminal Court and how this would affect their application in the corporate cont.