دانلود Integrated Management of Wastewater through Sewage Fed Aquaculture for Resource Recovery and Reuse of Treated Effluent: A Case Study

Abstract

India has 18% of the world’s population, 1.15 billion people, but access to only 4% of world’s fresh water resources. In the  recent  past,  the  dependency  of  Indian  agriculture  on  ground  water  resources  has  increased  upto  an  enormous  extent  due  to  several  factors  including  increased  demand  of  food,  erratic  behavior  of  monsoon,  developmental  pressure  of  various allied sectors etc. Currently, the available 70% of water resources in India being used to fulfill the water demand for  agriculture  and  the  80%  of  domestic water  supplies  come  from  groundwater  which  led  to  rapidly  declining groundwater  tables  in  most  of  the  states  in  India  and  has  found  no  longer  sustainable.  Present  study  has  primarily highlights the need of the Indian conditions for treatment and reuse of wastewater which happens to be the main cause for pollution  of  water  resources  in  India.  In  this  study  efforts  were  made  for  assessment  the  potential  of  model  sewage  fed  aquaculture system of capacity 8 MLD in Karnal, India for wastewater treatment, reuse and resource recovery during the treatment  process.  The  in-depth  evaluation  study  were  conducted  for  integrated  assessment  of  STP  in  association  with  health, environment, society, and institutions aspects as well as quality of treated effluent subjected for reuse in irrigation. The  Economic  analysis  of  the  model  sewage-fed  aquaculture  system  shows  that  there  was  an  annual  profit  of  INR  8-10 lakhs  through  selling  of  fish  in  local  market  as  well  as  ample  amount  of  revenue  generated  through  selling  of  treated  effluent to the farmers. Also, the irrigation with treated wastewater able to save the fertilizer upto 50kg of Urea and 50kg of  diammonium  phosphate  during  cultivation  of  one  acre  of  crop  annually.  The  system  was  found  good  for  removal  of physic-chemical pollutants and also found very effective in removal of bacteriological pollutants. The reported removals for total coliform, fecal coliform and fecal streptococci were found 99.988, 99.965 and 99.9567, respectively.