دانلود Optimal Coordination of Overcurrent Relays using Gravitational Search Algorithm with DG Penetration

Abstract

Modern distribution systems consist of various Distributed  Generators  (DG)  to  make  reliable  power  system.  In this DG integrated distribution systems, coordination of overcurrent  relays  is  a  big  challenge  for  protection  engineers. With the addition of DG, distribution system experiences change in  the  short  circuit  level  of  the  system  and  thus  earlier  relay settings causes mal operation of relays. Nowadays, various programming optimization techniques are frequently used to find optimal  relay  settings  of  overcurrent  (OC)  relays.  This  paper presents  a  comparative  study  of  Particle  Swarm  Optimization (PSO)  and  Gravitational  Search  Algorithm  for  the  coordination of overcurrent relay for a system containing DG. A proper combination of primary and backup relay is selected to avoid mal operation of relays and unwanted outages when DG is penetrated.  Practical  cases  with  different  DG  penetration  level and  fault  types  are  also  thoroughly  discussed.  A  four  bus  radial system is simulated in PSCAD/SIMULINK platform and programming is done using MATLAB software.