دانلود Middleware for Internet of Things: A Survey

Abstract

The  Internet  of  Things  (IoT)  envisages  a  future  in which digital and physical things or objects (e.g., smartphones, TVs,  cars)  can  be  connected  by  means  of  suitable  information and communication technologies, to enable a range of applications and services. The IoT’s characteristics, including an ultra-large-scale network of things, device and network level heterogeneity, and  large  numbers  of  events  generated  spontaneously  by  these things, will make development of the diverse applications and services a very challenging task. In general, middleware can ease a development process by integrating heterogeneous computing and communications devices, and supporting interoperability within the diverse applications and services. Recently, there have been a number of proposals for IoT middleware. These proposals mostly addressed wireless sensor networks (WSNs), a key component of IoT,  but  do  not  consider  RF  identification  (RFID),  machine-to-machine  (M2M)  communications,  and  supervisory  control  and data acquisition (SCADA), other three core elements in the IoT vision.  In  this  paper,  we  outline  a  set  of  requirements  for  IoT middleware,  and  present  a  comprehensive  review  of  the  exist-ing middleware solutions against those requirements. In addition, open research issues, challenges, and future research directions are highlighted.